gay and lesbian author

1. JAMES BALDWIN
James Baldwin adalah seorang penulis Amerika yang banyak menulis tentang identitas seksual dan personal, serta perjuangan hak sipil di Amerika Serikat.
Riwayat hidup
Nama lengkapnya adalah James Arthur Baldwin. Ia lahir pada 2 Agustus 1924 di RS Harlem, New York dari Emma Berdis Jones dan ia tak pernah tahu mengenai ayahnya sendiri. Pada tahun 1927, ibunya menikah dengan David Baldwin, seorang buruh dan pendeta, hingga bersama-sama memiliki delapan orang anak.[1] Pada usia 17 tahun, Baldwin meninggalkan rumah dan setelah menyelesaikan pendidikan SMA dia mulai bekerja di bidang sastra.
Pada tahun 1948, karyanya yang berjudul The New Leader, The Nation, Commentary, and Partisan Review berhasil memenangkan Rosenwald Fellowship. Salah satu novelnya yang terkenal, berjudul Kamar Giovanni (Giovanni's Room) bercerita tentang penderitaan seorang lelaki karena homoseksualitas yang dialaminya.Pada tanggal 30 November 1987, Baldwin meninggal di Perancis karena menderita kanker perut.
Karya-karyanya
Masalah identitas seksual, bunuh diri seorang teman, dan rasisme mengantarnya pada 1948 ke Paris dan London. Berbekal dua catatan Bessie Smith dan mesin tik, Baldwin menyelesaikan novel yang berjudul “Go Tell It on the Mountain”. Novel ini berdasarkan pada pengalaman penulis pada pendeta remaja di sebuah gereja kecil yang memberikan perlakuan buruk pada salah satu anggota jemaatnya. Di mana ia menyadari bahwa orang desa dan orang asing di dunia manapun tidak bisa memiliki kekuasaan.
Karya keduanya adalah “Giovanni’s Room” diselesaikannya pada tahun 1956. Tema dalam novel ini adalah perjuangan seorang laki-laki dengan homoseksualitasnya. Buku ini menjadi bestseller karena ia menggambarkan kekerasan yang dilakukan orang kulit putih terhadap orang kulit hitam di Amerika. Berdasarkan hal ini ia pun menulis esai yang berjudul “Dalam esai judul “Catatan Orang Buras” (1955) yang ia ambil contoh keluarganya sendiri dalam kerusuhan Harlem tahun 1943 untuk menggambarkan pengalaman orang berkulit hitam di Amerika yang mengalami mengakui kekerasan dan ketidakadilan rasial.
2. HERMAN JOACHIM BANG
Herman Joachim Bang (20 April 1857 – 29 January 1912) was a Danish author,one of the men of the Modern Breakthrough
Biography
Bang was born into a noble family of Asserballe, on the small Danish island of Als, the son of a South Jutlandic vicar (a relative of N. F. S. Grundtvig). His family history was marked by insanity and disease.
When he was twenty he published two volumes of critical essays on the realistic movement. In 1880 he published his novel Haabløse Slægter (Families Without Hope), which aroused immediate attention. The main character was a young man who had a relationship with an older woman. The book was considered obscene at the time and was banned. After some time spent in travel and a successful lecture tour of Norway and Sweden, he settled in Copenhagen and produced a series of novels and collections of short stories which placed him in the front rank of Scandinavian novelists. Among his more famous stories are Fædra (1883) and Tine (Tina, 1889).
The latter won for its author the friendship of Henrik Ibsen and the enthusiastic admiration of Jonas Lie. Among his other works are Det hvide Hus (The White House, 1898), Excentriske Noveller (Eccentric Stories, 1885), Stille Eksistenser (Quiet Existences, 1886), Liv og Død (Life and Death, 1899), Englen Michael (The Angel Michael, 1902), a volume of poems (1889), and recollections, Ti Aar (Ten Years, 1891).[1]
Bang was homosexual, a fact which contributed to his isolation in the cultural life of Denmark and made him the victim of smear campaigns. He lived most of his life with his sister but found happiness for a few years with the German actor Max Eisfeld (1863–1935), with whom he lived in Prague in 1885-86. Uninterested in politics, he was distant from most of his colleagues in the naturalist movement.
Failed as an actor, Bang earned fame as a theatre producer in Paris and in Copenhagen. He was a very productive journalist, writing for Danish, Nordic and German newspapers, developing modern reporting. His article on the fire at Christiansborg Palace is a landmark in Danish journalism.
Bang is primarily concerned with the "quiet existences", the disregarded and ignored people living boring and apparently unimportant lives. He is especially interested in describing lonely or isolated women. Ved Vejen (Katinka 1886) describes the secret and never fulfilled passion of a young wife of a stationmaster, living in a barren marriage. Tine (1889), which has the war with Prussia in 1864 (the Second War of Schleswig) as background, tells the tragic love story of a young girl on the island of Als. Stuk (Stucco, 1887) tells the story of a young man's love affair that is fading away without any real explanation, against the background of the "Gründerzeit" of Copenhagen and its superficial modernization and economic speculation. In Ludvigsbakke (1896) a young nurse squanders her love on a spineless childhood friend, who eventually deserts her in order to save his estate by marrying a rich heiress.
Some of his books, including Tina and Katinka (English titles), have been translated into many languages and filmed. One film adaptation was Bang's novel Mikaël (1904), which was adapted into a film Michael (1924) by Carl Theodor Dreyer.
Bang's works earned him renown as a leading European impressionist writer. Bang's last years were embittered by persecutions and declining health. He traveled widely in Europe, and during a lecture tour of the United States he was taken ill on the train and died in Ogden, Utah.

3. NATALIE CLIFFORD BARNEY
Natalie Clifford Barney (October 31, 1876 – February 2, 1972) was an American playwright, poet and novelist who lived as an expatriate in Paris.
Barney's salon was held at her home on Paris' Left Bank for more than 60 years and brought together writers and artists from around the world, including many leading figures in French literature along with American and British Modernists of the Lost Generation. She worked to promote writing by women and formed a "Women's Academy" (L'Académie des Femmes) in response to the all-male French Academy while also giving support and inspiration to male writers from Remy de Gourmont to Truman Capote.
She was openly lesbian and began publishing love poems to women under her own name as early as 1900, considering scandal as "the best way of getting rid of nuisances" (meaning heterosexual attention from young males). In her writings she supported feminism and pacifism. She opposed monogamy and had many overlapping long and short-term relationships, including on-and-off romances with poet Renée Vivien and dancer Armen Ohanian and a 50-year relationship with painter Romaine Brooks. Her life and love affairs served as inspiration for many novels, ranging from the salacious French bestseller Sapphic Idyll to The Well of Loneliness, arguably the most famous lesbian novel of the 20th century
4. JAMES ROBERT BAKER
James Robert Baker (October 18, 1946 – November 5, 1997) was an American author of sharply satirical, predominantly gay-themed transgressional fiction. A native Californian, his work is set almost entirely in Southern California. After graduating from UCLA, he began his career as a screenwriter, but became disillusioned and started writing novels instead. Though he garnered fame for his books Fuel-Injected Dreams and Boy Wonder, after the controversy surrounding publication of his novel, Tim and Pete, he faced increasing difficulty having his work published. According to his life partner, this was a contributing factor in his suicide.
Baker's work has achieved cult status in the years since his death, and two additional novels have been posthumously published. First-edition copies of his earlier works have become collector's items. His novel Testosterone was adapted to a film of the same name, though it was not a financial success. Two other books have been optioned for films, but they have not been produced.
Baker was born in Long Beach, California and raised in what he considered a "stifling, Republican Southern Californian household". Rebelling against his parents, he became attracted to the fringe elements of society, including beatniks (anyone living as a bohemian, acting rebelliously, or appearing to advocate a revolution in manners), artists and gays. In high school during the 1960s he explored his sexuality at underground gay teen nightclubs, while living in fear that his abusive father would find out. At one point, his father hired a private detective to follow him, when he suspected Baker was having an affair with a male neighbor. This family dynamic would be used in many of his novels, most extensively in Boy Wonder.
Baker began experimenting with drugs, and became, in his own words, "an out of control, teenage speed freak". He also began drinking heavily, attributing it to the fact that he was closeted. However, even after coming out, his substance abuse remained excessive and "still had a life of its own". After sobering up, he attended UCLA film school, where he was one of the winners of the Samuel Goldwyn Writing Awards,[4] and directed two films: Mouse Klub Konfidential and Blonde Death. Mouse Klub Konfidential, a film about a Mickey Mouse Club Mouseketeer who becomes a gay bondage pornographer, was a controversial entry in the 1976 San Francisco's LGBT Film Festival, as some thought Baker was actually advocating Nazism. It is also credited with having caused Michael Medved to abandon his dream of film making and instead become a film critic
MABEL MANEY is an artist and author from San Francisco, California known for her lesbian pulp fiction. She is the author of the Nancy Clue series, a lesbian parody of the Nancy Drew, Cherry Ames, and Hardy Boys series. More recently, she is the author of the "Jane Bond" novels, a series of parodies of James Bond. Mabel's short fiction can also be found the humor anthology "May Contain Nuts".
Maney is famous for the quote "For a long time I thought I wanted to be a nun. Then I realized that what I really wanted to be was a lesbian."
Mabel was born in New Jersey. Her family moved to the midwest where she was educated and permanently scarred by dour nuns. She was one of five children in an Irish Catholic family in Appleton, Wisconsin where she worked in her family's paper hat factory. She graduated from Ohio State University with a Bachelor's degree in Journalism and received a Master of Fine Arts degree from San Francisco State University. Her MFA thesis explored the subtext of novels featuring 1940s heroine Nurse Cherry Ames

SARAH ALDRIDGE
Sarah Aldridge adalah nama pena dari Anyda Marchant (lahir 27 Januari 1911, Rio de Janeiro - meninggal 11 Januari 2006), yang merupakan mitra pendiri untuk Naiad Tekan 1973 dan A & M Books pada tahun 1995, dan penulis terutama lesbian fiksi populer .
Awal kehidupan dan karier
Marchant adalah putri Langworthy dan Maude Marchant, dan pindah dengan keluarganya ke Washington, DC pada usia enam.
Setelah mendapatkan gelar sarjana, diikuti pada tahun 1933 oleh gelar sarjana hukum dari National University of Washington, DC (sekarang Universitas George Washington ), ia mengaku berlatih di Virginia dan Washington DC, dan sebelum Pengadilan AS Klaim dan Agung AS Pengadilan .
Salah satu wanita pertama yang lulus bar di Washington DC, [1] dia menjabat Bank Dunia sebagai seorang pengacara di Departemen Hukum selama 18 tahun sampai pensiun pada tahun 1972.
Saat Sarah Aldridge, dia adalah penulis dari banyak karya sastra. Karya pertama kali diterbitkan adalah cerita pendek yang diterbitkan oleh The Ladder , [2] yang berkala dirilis oleh Putri Bilitis . Empat belas novel lesbian dia menulis termasuk Semua Pecinta Sejati, Tottie, A Flight of Angels, The Latecomer, dan The Nesting Place.
Dia bertemu hukum sekretaris Muriel Inez Crawford [3] pada tahun 1947. Pasangan ini bersama-sama selama 57 tahun sampai kematiannya Aldridge.
Aldridge meninggal di rumahnya di Pantai Rehoboth, Delaware pada 11 Januari 2006. Dia adalah 94. [4] Dia dianugerahi Golden Crown Masyarakat Sastra Trailblazer Penghargaan anumerta pada bulan Juni 2007.
Novel pertamanya Latecomer ini diterbitkan kembali pada tahun 2009 dalam edisi ulang tahun ke-35 oleh A & M Books . Selain novel, Editor Fay Jacobs mengumpulkan esai [5] dari array yang luas dari ikon lesbian membuktikan dampak abadi Aldridge sebagai pelopor penulisan lesbian awal. Volume ini menjadi yang pertama dari karyanya muncul dalam format digital pada tahun 2009 .